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magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine
Context:
Ed Wu’s team at the University of Hong Kong developed a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machine using low-strength magnets and store-bought hardware.
More on News:
- A study found that a MRI device made from off-the-shelf components and paired with AI matches the performance of high-end MRI machines.
- MRI scanners are crucial in modern medicine for diagnosing a variety of conditions such as strokes, tumours, and spinal cord problems without radiation exposure.
Key Highlights:
- Cost-Effective MRI Design:
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- The new machine costs around $22,000 (approximately Rs 18.4 lakh), while traditional MRI machines can cost between 9 and 13 crore rupees.
- It operates without the need for a shielded room or helium coolant, making it more accessible.
- Challenges Addressed:
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- Existing MRI machines are expensive and require specialised infrastructure.
- The new design aims to improve access to MRI diagnostics, especially in low- and middle-income countries like India.
- Technical Details:
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- The simplified MRI machine uses 0.05 T magnets and can be plugged into standard wall-power outlets.
- Researchers believe this innovation will create an affordable, low-power, and compact class of MRI scanners.
- Potential Impact: The new MRI scanner could empower millions globally by enhancing healthcare accessibility and providing critical diagnostic capabilities.
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- It could reduce MRI scan costs significantly (conventional MRI scans range from Rs 7,000 to Rs 15,000, with some facilities offering as low as Rs 2,000 but with long waiting periods).
New MRI Technology:
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a non-invasive imaging technology that produces three-dimensional detailed anatomical images.
- It is used for disease detection, diagnosis, and treatment monitoring.
- Historical Context:
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- Initial experiments with 0.05 T machines in the 1970s were abandoned in favour of stronger magnets in the 1980s.
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- Stronger magnetic fields produce better images (1.5-T scanner detects 1 mm tissue damage vs. 4 mm with 0.05 T).
- Image Quality and Deep Learning:
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- Compensates for lower magnetic field strength with a deep-learning algorithm trained on high-resolution images.
- Tested on 30 healthy volunteers, producing clear images of various internal structures.
- Including the brain, spinal cord, liver, kidneys, spleen, lungs, heart, and knee.
- Advantages:
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- Safety and Compatibility: Lower risk of metal items being pulled into the scanner, enhancing patient and machine safety.
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- Potential use in emergency settings to quickly assess injuries on-site.
- Generates fewer artefacts from implants or prosthetics.
- Potential and Limitations:
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- This can enhance the performance of high-field scanners in radiology departments.
- High-field MRI machines are not fully replaceable due to their lower resolution.
- Future Implications:
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- A new class of MRI scanners can make a significant difference by providing basic diagnostic capabilities in underserved areas.
- Potential to help in emergency medical interventions and decisions, improving patient outcomes.