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Heating North Pole
Context:
The North Pole is warming faster than the global average. Climate models consistently underestimate its rapid warming which indicates significant disruption.
More on News
- Rapid, unpredictable changes in the Arctic indicate major environmental shifts with global consequences.
- New data from a research vessel an Arctic expedition trapped in sea ice will enhance predictions.
Permafrost: A layer of frozen soil, rock, or sediment that remains at or below 0°C for at least two consecutive years and is found in high mountain areas and near the North and South Poles.
Arctic Treaty: The Treaty was signed in Washington in 1959 by the twelve countries whose scientists had been active in and around Antarctica during the International Geophysical Year (IGY).
- The total number of Parties to the Treaty is now 56.
- To ensure that Antarctica is used for peaceful purposes, to promote scientific cooperation, and to protect the environment.
- It prohibits military activities, nuclear explosions, and disposal of nuclear waste while emphasizing scientific research and international cooperation in the region.
Key Highlights:
- Ozone and Greenhouse Effect: The layer in the lower atmosphere acts as a greenhouse gas. Unlike CO₂, it breaks down within a month but still contributes to heat.
- Ozone carried by winds is absorbed by seawater, ice, and snow exerting its warming effect over the Arctic region for a longer period.
- Influx of Warm Air: During research expeditions, it was found that temperatures at the North Pole could rise rapidly from -35°C to 0°C, accelerating the melting of sea ice and increase the risk of ice breakup.
- Soot Deposition and Ice Melting: Warm air transport carries soot particles from Northern Hemisphere industries to the North Pole, which settle on the sea ice and reduce its reflectivity.
- This indicates the global impact of human activities on the Arctic climate.
- Implications and Urgency: Pollution from shipping and industry affects the North Pole, requiring accurate climate modeling and studies to predict impacts such as melting sea ice and rising sea levels.