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Guru Gobind Singh
Context:
316th Death Anniversary of Guru Gobind Singh.
About:
- Guru Gobind Singh was the tenth and final Guru of Sikhism, serving from 1675 until his death in 1708.
- He is a pivotal figure in Sikh history, known for formalising the Sikh faith and establishing the Khalsa, a collective of initiated Sikhs who embody the principles of equality, justice, and martial spirit.
Role in Expanding Sikhism:
- Formation of the Khalsa: In 1699, Guru Gobind Singh established the Khalsa during a significant gathering at Anandpur Sahib.
- This event marked a transformation in Sikh identity, as he called upon Sikhs to demonstrate their commitment to their faith through acts of bravery.
- The initiation ceremony involved five volunteers who were symbolically sacrificed and then resurrected, becoming known as the Panj Pyare (Five Beloved Ones).
- This act not only solidified the communal identity of Sikhs but also emphasised their role as “saint-soldiers” dedicated to fighting oppression and injustice.
- Five Articles of Faith: Guru Gobind Singh introduced the Five Ks—Kesh (uncut hair), Kara (iron bracelet), Kanga (comb), Kachha (cotton undergarment), and Kirpan (ceremonial sword)—which serve as symbols of faith and commitment to Sikh values.
- These articles not only distinguish Khalsa Sikhs but also reinforce their collective identity.
- Literary Contributions: He contributed significantly to Sikh literature by compiling and finalising the Guru Granth Sahib as the eternal Guru of the Sikhs. This scripture includes hymns from previous Gurus and other saints, promoting messages of equality and devotion.
Making the Militant Clan:
- Martial Order: Guru Gobind Singh transformed the Sikh community into a formidable military force.
- He encouraged Sikhs from various backgrounds, including oppressed caste groups who were historically marginalised, to take up arms against tyranny. This inclusivity was revolutionary, as it broke down caste barriers within the military structure of the Khalsa.
- Philosophy of Resistance: His philosophy was rooted in the belief that when righteousness declines and tyranny prevails, it is necessary to take up arms for justice.
- He viewed his role as divinely ordained to restore balance against oppressive forces, particularly those represented by Mughal rule under Aurangzeb.
- The Khalsa was thus not just a military group but a spiritual brotherhood committed to protecting human rights and dignity.
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