Category: education
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NaBFID Bond Issue 2025: Boost to India’s Long-Term Infrastructure Financing
NaBFID raises ₹4,000 crore through long-term bonds, strengthening India’s infrastructure financing system. Learn about NaBFID’s role, objectives, financing model, and its impact on India’s growth. Essential reading for UPSC aspirants. NaBFID Bond Issue & Infrastructure Financing India’s infrastructure development received a major boost recently when the National Bank for Financing Infrastructure and Development (NaBFID) successfully…
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Developing Nations and the Green Economy: Risks, Challenges, and the Road Ahead
Explore why developing nations risk losing the benefits of the emerging green economy amid COP30 discussions. Understand key challenges such as unequal value capture, critical mineral dependence, and technological asymmetry. Developing Nations Risk Losing Green Economy Benefits As the COP30 climate summit begins in Belem, Brazil, the Centre for Science and Environment (CSE) has issued…
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Kushal Singh Dahiya: Martyrdom and Legacy in Sikh History
Discover the inspiring story of Dada Kushal Singh Dahiya, the brave devotee of Guru Tegh Bahadur who sacrificed his life in 1675 to safeguard the Guru’s severed head from Mughal desecration. Learn about his legacy, courage, and Haryana’s 350th Balidaan Diwas celebrations. Kushal Singh Dahiya The Haryana government is set to commemorate the 350th Balidaan…
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The G-2 Challenge Reemerges: US–China Dynamics and Global Implications
Explore the reemergence of the G-2 concept after the 2025 Xi–Trump meeting. Understand how US–China cooperation impacts global governance, middle powers like India, and the future of the world order. The G-2 Challenge: Understanding US–China Relations and Global Consequences The recent Xi–Trump meeting at the 2025 APEC Summit—featuring tariff rollbacks, temporary easing of US export…
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Bhutan Model in International Relations: India-Bhutan Friendship, Treaty, and Strategic Lessons
Explore how India and Bhutan’s relationship exemplifies balanced diplomacy through trust, mutual respect, and strategic cooperation. Learn how the Bhutan Model guides India’s regional foreign policy. Bhutan Model Despite vast asymmetry in size and power, the relationship between India and Bhutan stands out as a model of trust, mutual respect, and strategic cooperation. It has…
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Pakistan’s Controversial 27th Amendment: Power Politics, Judiciary, and Military Dynamics
Learn why Pakistan’s 27th Constitutional Amendment has sparked nationwide controversy. Explore how it could weaken the judiciary, centralise military command, and reshape Pakistan’s political power balance, contrasting it with India’s democratic framework. Pakistan’s Controversial 27th Amendment: Constitutional Crisis and Civil-Military Power Shift A joint parliamentary committee in Pakistan has approved the draft of the 27th…
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Printed Circuit Board (PCB): The Backbone of India’s Electronics Revolution
Learn about the importance of Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) in India’s electronics ecosystem. Explore their role, market growth, government policies, job creation, and India’s roadmap to becoming a $14 billion PCB manufacturing hub by 2030. Printed Circuit Board (PCB): A joint report by the Electronic Industries Association of India (ELCINA) and Feedback Advisory projects that…
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Crop Rotation: Meaning, Benefits, Global Findings & Indian Crop Patterns
Learn what crop rotation is, how it improves yield, soil fertility, and sustainability, and why it outperforms monoculture farming. Explore its global benefits, climate resilience role, and major crop rotation patterns in India — essential for UPSC Environment, Geography, and Agriculture preparation. Crop Rotation A recent international study, led by China Agriculture University in collaboration…
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Middle-Power Multilateralism: Redefining Global Governance
Learn how middle powers like Brazil, Indonesia, South Africa, and Mexico are driving reforms in the UN, IMF, and WTO through BRICS+ and G20. A deep dive into middle-power multilateralism and global governance transformation. Middle-Power Multilateralism and Global Governance Reforms The debate on middle-power multilateralism has gained renewed significance in 2025 as Brazil, Indonesia, and…
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MGNREGS Resumption Brings Relief to Bengal
Explore how the Supreme Court’s decision to resume MGNREGS in West Bengal marks a turning point in rural employment, governance, and fiscal federalism. Understand the scheme’s objectives, achievements, challenges, and reforms — crucial for UPSC GS Paper II & III preparation. MGNREGS Resumption in West Bengal – Governance, Impact & Policy Analysis Context: The Supreme…
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RDIF and India’s Knowledge Economy
Explore how India’s ₹1-lakh crore Research, Development and Innovation Fund (RDIF) aims to transform India into a knowledge-driven economy through R&D financing, innovation, and high-skilled growth. RDIF and India’s Knowledge Economy The recent Nobel Prize in Economics (2025)—awarded for research on innovation-led growth—has reaffirmed a central economic truth: nations prosper not merely by accumulating capital…
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Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation APEC 2025 Summit Overview
Explore the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) 2025 Summit, its goals, economic impact, and India’s potential membership debate. Learn about APEC’s importance for global trade, sustainable growth, and regional integration. APEC Summit 2025 The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Summit, which commenced on October 31, 2025, in Gyeongju, South Korea, brings together leaders from the world’s most…
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Global Wildfires & Forest Loss – 2025 Climate Report
Explore the 2025 State of the Climate Report on global wildfires and forest loss. Learn about causes, impacts, and the urgent climate implications behind record-breaking tree cover loss. 2025 State of the Climate Report: The 2025 State of the Climate Report: A Planet on the Brink (October 30, 2025) has revealed alarming data — global…
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India’s Data Centre Boom: Growth, Challenges, and the Road Ahead
Explore India’s booming data centre industry — growth trends, key investments, challenges like energy and water use, and the policy roadmap for sustainable expansion. Relevant for UPSC GS Paper III & II. Context A recent Macquarie report (October 2025) highlights India’s rapid data centre expansion, led by Mumbai, which accounts for nearly 45% of current…
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HAL-Russia Pact for SJ-100 Aircraft
HAL signs MoU with Russia’s United Aircraft Corporation (UAC) to jointly produce the SJ-100 passenger aircraft, boosting Make in India, regional connectivity, and aerospace self-reliance while navigating strategic autonomy in global geopolitics. HAL–Russia SJ-100 Aircraft MoU: Strategic, Economic, and Geopolitical Impact Context: Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) has signed a significant Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with…
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8th Pay Commission: Cabinet Approves ToR
The 8th Pay Commission aims to revise salaries, allowances, and pensions for over 1 crore central employees and pensioners. It focuses on fiscal sustainability, living wage principles, and parity between sectors. This article explains its ToR, expected impact on GDP and welfare, and challenges like fiscal deficit pressure and OPS liabilities. 8th Central Pay Commission…
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CPCB’s 2025 report : Heavy Metals in the Air
India’s air is increasingly contaminated with heavy metals like zinc, copper, and chromium, as revealed by CPCB’s 2025 report. Learn how industrial emissions, vehicular wear, and weak regulations contribute — and what reforms can fix this hidden pollution threat. CPCB’s 2025 report A report submitted by the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) to the National…
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Nobel Prize in Literature 2025 – Laszlo Krasznahorkai
Discover the life and art of Hungarian writer László Krasznahorkai, winner of the 2025 Nobel Prize in Literature. Explore how his long, poetic sentences, dark humour, and vision of endurance transform chaos into meaning and reaffirm the power of art in an uncertain world. Introduction In 2025, the Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to…
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Competitive Exams in India: Are We Measuring the Right Skills?
Devina Mehra critiques India’s competitive exams like CAT and UPSC, highlighting how speed, rote learning, and generalist selection overlook creativity, emotional intelligence, and specialised skills, leading to wasted talent and inefficiency. Introduction : Competitive Exams in India In her critique, “Competitive Exams in India: Are We Testing the Right Parameters?” (Mint, October 9, 2025), financier…
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India and the Multipolar West
Explore C. Raja Mohan’s insights on a multipolar West and its impact on India. Learn how Europe’s autonomy, US shifts, and global power distribution create opportunities for trade, defence, and strategic partnerships. Introduction Raja Mohan’s article, “West is Turning Multipolar” (The Indian Express, October 8, 2025), examines how the Western world—once seen as a single,…
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Crimes Against Children Rise in 2023 : NCRB Report
India’s NCRB 2023 report shows a 10-fold rise in crimes against children since 2005. Learn about key trends, reasons for increased reporting, and how awareness and community initiatives can strengthen child safety and justice. Context The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) report, Crime in India 2023, reveals a worrying yet complex trend — crimes against…