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Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome
Context:
The recent tragic deaths of Oscar-winning actor Gene Hackman and his wife, pianist Betsy Arakawa, have been linked to hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS), which is a rare but potentially deadly disease.
What Is Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS)?
- Hantavirus is a family of rodent-borne viruses that can cause serious diseases, including HPS, which is common in the Western Hemisphere.
- The virus is primarily spread through infected rodents’ urine, faeces, and saliva, but it does not spread between humans.
- HPS is typically transmitted when humans inhale dust contaminated with rodent droppings or saliva.
- The most common hantavirus responsible for causing HPS is carried by the deer mouse, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). In other regions, such as Europe and Asia, hantaviruses cause a different illness known as haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS).
Symptoms of HPS
- Generally appear one to eight weeks after exposure and resemble flu-like symptoms.
- Early symptoms include fatigue, fever, and muscle aches.
- As the disease progresses, individuals may experience respiratory difficulties, including shortness of breath and chest tightness as the lungs fill with fluid.
- According to the CDC, 38% of people who develop respiratory symptoms due to HPS may die from the disease.
Is There a Cure for HPS?
- Currently, there is no known cure or specific treatment for HPS. However, early detection and medical intervention can be crucial for managing the disease.
- Some antiviral medications may help alleviate symptoms, and respiratory support, such as breathing tubes, may be necessary for patients experiencing severe breathing difficulties.
Prevention and Safety Measures
- For those living in areas where hantavirus-infected rodents may be present, microbiologist Sabra L. Klein suggests the following precautions:
- Wear gloves and an N95 mask when cleaning areas with rodent excrement.
- Avoid vacuuming or sweeping, as this can stir up harmful aerosols from the droppings.
- Use bleach solution or commercial disinfectants to clean contaminated surfaces and carefully dispose of cleaning materials.
