India-Armenia Partnership
Context:
The geopolitical landscape of the South Caucasus is undergoing significant changes, particularly in light of the evolving partnership between India and Armenia.
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- This relationship is shaped by historical ties, strategic interests, and regional dynamics influenced by neighboring powers.
Historical Context
- Shared History: India and Armenia share a long history, with cultural and trade connections dating back centuries.
- Armenian Community: The Armenian community in India has existed since the 17th century, fostering mutual respect and understanding.
- Democracies: Both nations are democracies that uphold similar societal values, which enhances their diplomatic rapport.
Strategic Importance of Armenia
- Location: Armenia’s geographical location makes it a crucial player in the South Caucasus, serving as a bridge between Europe and Asia.
- Access to Waterways: This region has gained prominence due to its transport networks and access to key waterways like the Black Sea and Caspian Sea.
- Declining Russian Influence: With the decline of Russian influence following the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war, Armenia has become increasingly significant for India as it seeks to establish a foothold in this strategically vital area.
Current Geopolitical Dynamics
- Balance of Power: The recent conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh has shifted the balance of power in favor of Azerbaijan, supported by Turkey.
- Challenge for Armenia: The alliance between Azerbaijan and Turkey poses challenges for Armenia, which faces military threats and territorial demands from its neighbor.
- India’s Support: In this context, India’s support for Armenia is critical not only for bilateral relations but also for countering Turkish expansionism in the region.
Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict
The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, a long-standing territorial dispute between Armenia and Azerbaijan, has seen significant developments in recent years, particularly following the 2020 war. This conflict centers around the region of Nagorno-Karabakh, which is internationally recognised as part of Azerbaijan but has been predominantly populated by ethnic Armenians. The situation escalated dramatically in September 2020 when Azerbaijan launched a military offensive to reclaim the territory, resulting in a six-week war that ended with a ceasefire brokered by Russia.
Defence and Economic Cooperation
- Defence Partner: India has emerged as a key defence partner for Armenia, supplying indigenous weapons and enhancing military cooperation.
- Defence Market: This relationship helps India position itself within the global defence market while supporting Armenia’s security needs against Azerbaijani aggression.
- Additionally, Armenia’s membership in the Eurasian Economic Union provides India with potential access to broader markets.
The Zangezur Corridor
- Azerbaijan’s push for the Zangezur corridor—a proposed land link between Azerbaijan and its exclave Nakhichevan through Armenian territory—poses significant security risks.
- Armenia vehemently opposes this corridor, fearing it would undermine its sovereignty.
- The project aligns with Turkey’s ambitions to extend its influence through Central Asia, further complicating regional stability.
