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India- Japan 2+2 Dialogue
Context:
Recently, during their third 2+2 ministerial dialogue in New Delhi, India and Japan agreed to update the 2008 Joint Declaration on Security Cooperation to address current priorities.
More in News:
- The dialogue focused on expediting defence technology transfers, such as Japan’s Nora-50 naval antenna, and increasing joint exercises and defence technology exchanges.
- The India-Japan “2+2” ministerial dialogue in Delhi reaffirmed both nations’ commitment to a free, open, and rules-based Indo-Pacific.
India and Japan’s common defence and security challenges:
- China’s Assertiveness: Both nations are promoting a rules-based Indo-Pacific order and enhancing security cooperation to deter Chinese aggression.
Overview of India’s 2+2 Dialogues:
India’s 2+2 dialogue format involves high-level discussions between the defence and foreign ministers of India and its partner countries, designed to bolster strategic cooperation and tackle shared security challenges.
- United States
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- Inception: September 2018
- Recent Developments: Fifth annual dialogue in November 2023 focused on defence, emerging technologies, and regional stability.
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- Japan
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- Inception: 2019
- Recent Developments: Third dialogue on August 20, 2024, in New Delhi; discussed defence technology, maritime security, and Indo-Pacific stability.
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- Australia
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- Inception: 2020
- Focus Areas: Enhances bilateral security cooperation and addresses Indo-Pacific challenges.
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- United Kingdom
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- Inception: October 2023
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- Russia
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- Inception:2021 and the only meeting held in 2022 .
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- Maritime Security: They conduct joint naval exercises and share information to protect vital sea lanes and ensure freedom of navigation. Terrorism and Cross-Border Threats: India and Japan are strengthening counter-terrorism cooperation and coordinating efforts at multilateral forums.
- Cybersecurity and Emerging Technologies: A Cyber Dialogue has been established to enhance cooperation on cybersecurity and emerging technologies.
- Regional Stability and Humanitarian Assistance: They are exploring security and development assistance with third countries and coordinating disaster relief efforts in platforms like the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI ).
Joint Actions undertaken by both countries to address Defence and Security challenges:
Strengthening Bilateral Agreements:
- Joint Declaration on Security Cooperation (2008): Framework for defence collaboration.
- Defence Equipment and Technology Cooperation Agreement (2015): Enhances military interoperability.
- Reciprocal Provision of Supplies and Services Agreement (2020): Facilitates logistical support and joint operations.
2+2 Ministerial Dialogue:
- Established to strengthen strategic discussions between foreign and defence ministers.
Expansion of Joint Military Exercises:
- Malabar Exercise: Trilateral naval exercise with the U.S.
- Dharma Guardian: Annual counter-terrorism exercise.
- Veer Guardian: Bilateral air exercise, first held in Japan in January 2023.
- Joint Working Group on Defense Equipment and Technology Cooperation (JWG-DETC) Facilitates defence technology collaboration.
- Defense Industry Dialogue: Enhances co-development and co-production.
- Regional and Multilateral Engagements: Trilateral Cooperation: Enhancing regional stability with the U.S. and Australia.