Most Repeated Topics in UPSC History
Most Repeated Topics in UPSC History
If you look closely at previous years’ UPSC question papers, a clear pattern emerges—UPSC never asks randomly. History questions revolve around a fixed set of high-yield themes, repeated again and again with different dimensions. Understanding these recurring topics can save time, boost accuracy, and dramatically improve your score in both Prelims and Mains.
This article breaks down the MOST repeated topics in UPSC History, covering Ancient, Medieval, Modern, and World History, with a smart, exam-oriented approach.
Why Repeated Topics Matter in UPSC History
Repeated topics matter in UPSC History because the exam focuses on conceptual clarity rather than rote memorization. UPSC often revisits the same themes but presents them from new perspectives or dimensions. This helps assess a candidate’s depth of understanding instead of factual recall. Historical topics are frequently linked with culture, governance, society, and ethics, making them relevant across papers. If a topic has been asked once, it signals its importance in the syllabus. Therefore, such topics are highly likely to be asked again, either directly or indirectly.
ANCIENT INDIAN HISTORY – MOST REPEATED TOPICS
Ancient History dominates UPSC Prelims, especially through culture, religion, and archaeology.
1. Indus Valley Civilization (Harappan Civilization)
The Indus Valley Civilization (c. 2600–1900 BCE) is one of the most repeated and high-scoring areas in UPSC Prelims. Questions are rarely direct; instead, UPSC tests conceptual clarity, comparison, and archaeological understanding. From town planning to religion and economy, Harappan features are often linked with later historical phases, especially the Vedic period.
- Town Planning and Urban Features : The Harappan cities are known for their advanced and uniform town planning, which reflects a high level of administrative control. Cities followed a grid pattern, with roads cutting each other at right angles. Houses were made of standardized baked bricks and often had private wells and bathrooms. The most striking feature was the scientific drainage system, with covered drains connected to individual houses. Cities were divided into a Citadel and a Lower Town, indicating social and functional segregation. Such urban sophistication was unmatched in contemporary civilizations.
- Seals and Script : Harappan seals are one of the most important archaeological sources to understand the civilization. Made mostly of steatite, these seals depict animals like the unicorn, bull, elephant, and rhinoceros, along with inscriptions. The Harappan script remains undeciphered, making it a favorite area for UPSC conceptual questions. Seals were likely used for trade, ownership, and administrative purposes. The short length of inscriptions suggests they were not meant for literature but for identification. Questions often test whether the script was alphabetic, syllabic, or pictographic.
- Economy and Trade : The Harappan economy was based on agriculture, crafts, and extensive trade networks. Evidence of crops like wheat, barley, and cotton shows agricultural advancement. Harappans engaged in internal and overseas trade, particularly with Mesopotamia, referred to as Meluhha in Sumerian texts. The dockyard at Lothal indicates maritime trade and advanced knowledge of tides. Standardized weights and measures reflect a well-regulated economic system. Beads, pottery, and metalwork were major trade goods.
- Religious Beliefs and Practices : Harappan religion is understood mainly through seals, figurines, and archaeological remains. The widespread discovery of Mother Goddess figurines suggests fertility worship. The famous Pashupati seal is believed to depict a proto-Shiva figure in a yogic posture surrounded by animals. Evidence of fire altars at sites like Kalibangan points toward ritual practices. However, there is no clear evidence of temples, indicating a non-institutionalized form of religion. UPSC often tests how Harappan religious practices differ from later Vedic rituals.
- Differences between Harappa and Mohenjo-daro : Although both were major urban centers, Harappa and Mohenjo-daro had distinct features. Harappa had more evidence of granaries and coffin burials, while Mohenjo-daro is famous for the Great Bath, suggesting ritual bathing. Brick platforms and citadel structures also differ slightly in layout. Mohenjo-daro shows fewer fortifications compared to Harappa. UPSC sometimes frames questions asking aspirants to match sites with their unique archaeological findings.
- Recent Archaeological Findings : Recent excavations at sites like Rakhigarhi, Dholavira, and Sanauli have added new dimensions to Harappan studies. Rakhigarhi, one of the largest Harappan sites, has provided insights into DNA, diet, and burial practices. Dholavira highlights water management systems with reservoirs and stepwells. Such discoveries are crucial because UPSC frequently links current archaeology news with prelims MCQs. Aspirants must stay updated with ASI findings and research publications.
UPSC rarely asks straightforward factual questions from the Indus Valley Civilization. Instead, it frames analytical MCQs, often comparing Harappan features with the Later Vedic society. For example, urban planning versus pastoral settlements, absence of iron versus its later use, or ritual bathing versus yajna-based worship. Understanding these contrasts helps eliminate options effectively. This makes the topic less about memorization and more about historical interpretation and continuity.
2. Vedic Age (Early & Later Vedic Period)
The Vedic Age (c. 1500–600 BCE) marks a crucial phase in ancient Indian history, showing a gradual transition from tribal pastoral society to a settled agrarian civilization. UPSC frequently asks statement-based and analytical questions from this topic, focusing on institutional evolution, social hierarchy, and religious transformation between the Early (Rig Vedic) and Later Vedic periods.
- Sabha vs Samiti: Sabha and Samiti were the two important popular assemblies in the Early Vedic period, reflecting a relatively democratic tribal polity. The Samiti was a general assembly of the people and played a role in selecting the king. The Sabha was a smaller, elite council dealing with judicial and administrative matters. Women are believed to have participated in both assemblies during the Early Vedic age. Over time, especially in the Later Vedic period, these bodies lost power and became ceremonial, as monarchy became more hereditary and centralized. UPSC often frames statement-based questions on their composition and functions.
- Evolution of the Varna System: The Varna system began as a flexible occupational classification in the Early Vedic period, based more on work than birth. Society was broadly divided into Brahmana, Kshatriya, Vaishya, and Shudra, but social mobility existed. In the Later Vedic period, the system became rigid and birth-based, leading to clear social stratification. The Shudras faced increasing restrictions and exclusion from religious rituals. This transformation reflects the broader shift toward a hierarchical society, a theme frequently tested in both Prelims and Mains.
- Role of Women: Women enjoyed a relatively high social status during the Early Vedic period. They participated in religious rituals, attended assemblies, and had access to education, as seen in women sages like Gargi and Maitreyi. Practices like swayamvara and widow remarriage were permitted. However, in the Later Vedic period, the status of women gradually declined, with reduced participation in public life and rituals. Education for women became limited, and patriarchal norms strengthened. UPSC often tests these contrasts through assertion-reason or multiple-statement questions.
- Economic Transition: Pastoral to Agrarian : The Early Vedic economy was primarily pastoral, with cattle being the main measure of wealth. Terms like Gavishti (search for cows) highlight the importance of livestock. In the Later Vedic period, the use of iron tools (krishna ayas) enabled forest clearing and expansion of agriculture. Agriculture became the dominant economic activity, leading to surplus production. This economic change supported population growth, social stratification, and stronger political authority. Questions often link the economy with changes in society and polity.
- Religious Practices: Early Vedic religion centered on the worship of natural forces such as Indra, Agni, and Varuna. Rituals were simple and involved offerings to please gods for material gains like cattle and rain. In the Later Vedic period, religion became ritualistic and complex, dominated by elaborate sacrifices (yajnas) conducted by Brahmins. The focus shifted from nature worship to symbolic and philosophical ideas, laying the groundwork for Upanishadic thought. UPSC frequently asks comparative questions on these religious shifts.
For Prelims, UPSC favors statement-based questions that test subtle differences between Early and Later Vedic features, such as participation of women or nature of assemblies. For Mains, the Vedic Age is important for analyzing social change, political institutions, and economic transformation. Aspirants are expected to explain how material changes like iron technology influenced social hierarchy and governance. Understanding continuity and change is key to scoring well in both stages.
3. Buddhism and Jainism
Buddhism and Jainism emerged as reform movements against ritualism and social inequality. UPSC repeatedly focuses on the teachings of Buddha and Mahavira, especially the Eightfold Path and Triratna. The role of Sangha and reasons for their popular appeal are frequently asked. The spread of Buddhism outside India highlights India’s cultural influence. The topic is strongly linked with art, culture, and ethics.
Repeated Focus Areas:
- Teachings of Buddha and Mahavira focused on liberation from suffering and the cycle of rebirth.
- Buddha’s philosophy revolved around the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, while Jainism stressed Triratna (Right Faith, Right Knowledge, Right Conduct) and extreme ahimsa.
- The Sangha played a crucial role in institutionalizing Buddhism, spreading teachings, and attracting royal and mercantile support.
- The popular appeal of these religions lay in their use of local languages, opposition to caste hierarchy, and simple moral codes.
- Buddhism’s spread to Sri Lanka, Southeast Asia, Central Asia, China, Korea, and Japan highlights India’s cultural influence abroad.
UPSC also frequently tests differences between Hinayana and Mahayana, especially views on Buddha, rituals, and iconography, linking the topic closely with Buddhist art and architecture.
4. Mauryan Empire (Especially Ashoka)
The Mauryan Empire represents the first large centralized state in India. Ashoka’s Dhamma reflects ethical governance and welfare-oriented administration. Rock and Pillar Edicts are key sources for understanding polity and society. Kautilya’s Arthashastra shows a realistic approach to governance. UPSC often links this topic with ethics, public administration, and statecraft.
Repeated Focus Areas:
- Ashoka’s Dhamma was not a religious doctrine but a code of ethical governance emphasizing non-violence, tolerance, respect for elders, and welfare of subjects.
- The Rock and Pillar Edicts serve as the most authentic sources to understand Mauryan polity, society, and Ashoka’s outreach to the masses through inscriptions in Prakrit and Brahmi script.
- The Mauryan administration was highly centralized, with provinces, district officials, and an efficient revenue system supported by espionage and strict law enforcement.
- Kautilya’s Arthashastra presents a realistic and pragmatic view of statecraft, focusing on power, diplomacy, economic regulation, and internal security.
- The decline of the Mauryas is attributed to weak successors, financial strain, over-centralization, and military exhaustion, a theme often linked with discussions on sustainable governance.
UPSC Mains Angle: Ashoka’s Dhamma and Arthashastra are frequently used to draw parallels with modern ethical governance, welfare state principles, and administrative accountability.
5. Gupta Age – The Golden Age
The Gupta period (c. 4th–6th century CE) is widely referred to as the “Golden Age of Ancient India” due to remarkable progress in science, art, economy, and governance. UPSC often asks analytical questions examining whether this title is justified, making it essential to understand both achievements and structural features of the era.
Repeated Focus Areas:
- Gupta administration was efficient yet decentralized, with provinces and local officials enjoying autonomy, which ensured stability while reducing administrative burden on the center.
- In the field of science and mathematics, scholars like Aryabhata made groundbreaking contributions, including the concept of zero, calculation of the value of π, and explanations of eclipses through scientific reasoning.
- Art and architecture flourished, especially seen in the Ajanta cave paintings, which display mastery over expression, shading, and narrative themes, along with the evolution of early Hindu temple architecture.
- The economy and trade prospered due to agricultural expansion, inland trade routes, and commerce with Southeast Asia and the Roman world.
Socially, while the varna system became more rigid, cultural synthesis and intellectual growth defined the period, explaining why UPSC continues to frame questions on the Gupta Age as a Golden Age from a critical perspective.
MEDIEVAL INDIAN HISTORY – MOST REPEATED TOPICS
Medieval Indian History is asked selectively but deeply in the UPSC examination. Unlike Ancient History, the focus here is not on volume but on conceptual clarity, administrative systems, cultural developments, and socio-religious movements. UPSC often frames analytical and statement-based questions, linking medieval themes with art & culture, economy, and governance. Topics such as the Delhi Sultanate, Mughal administration, Bhakti–Sufi movements, and Indo-Islamic architecture are frequently tested. Understanding continuity and change from ancient to medieval times, along with regional variations, is crucial for scoring well in both Prelims and GS-I Mains.
6. Delhi Sultanate
The Delhi Sultanate (1206–1526) marks the establishment of Turkish rule in India and laid the foundations of a centralized medieval state. UPSC frequently asks impact-based and analytical questions, especially focusing on administrative reforms, economic policies, and architecture across different dynasties.
Repeated Focus Areas:
- The Iqta system formed the backbone of Sultanate administration, where land revenue assignments were given to nobles (iqtadars) in return for military service, ensuring control over vast territories.
- Alauddin Khalji’s reforms are among the most repeatedly asked topics; they aimed at strengthening the state by curbing the power of nobles, maintaining a large standing army, and improving revenue collection.
- His market control policy, which fixed prices of essential goods and regulated traders through strict supervision, was designed to support the army and prevent inflation.
- The Slave, Khalji, and Tughlaq dynasties reflect different administrative approaches—ranging from consolidation under the Slave rulers to experimentation and overreach under the Tughlaqs.
- In architecture, monuments like the Qutub Minar symbolize the rise of Indo-Islamic style, blending Islamic forms with local artistic traditions.
UPSC Focus: Questions often link reforms with their long-term impact on governance, economy, and state stability, making the Delhi Sultanate a key topic for both Prelims and GS-I Mains.
7. Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire (1526–1707) is one of the most frequently asked topics in both UPSC Prelims and Mains due to its well-documented administrative systems, cultural achievements, and political consolidation. UPSC questions often link Mughal institutions with art, culture, and governance, testing both factual knowledge and analytical ability.
Repeated Focus Areas:
- Akbar’s administration is a core focus area, especially the Mansabdari system, which organized the nobility and military through graded ranks (mansabs) based on both civil and military responsibilities.
- His policy of Sulh-i-Kul (universal tolerance) aimed at social harmony by promoting religious inclusivity and integrating diverse communities into the imperial framework.
- The land revenue system, refined by Raja Todar Mal, introduced systematic measurement (zabt), classification of land, and fixed revenue rates, ensuring stability for both the state and peasants.
- Mughal architecture reached its zenith with monuments like Humayun’s Tomb, Fatehpur Sikri, Red Fort, and Taj Mahal, reflecting a blend of Persian, Central Asian, and Indian styles.
- The decline of the Mughal Empire is often analyzed through factors such as weak successors, administrative decay, economic strain, and regional challenges, making it a favorite area for UPSC’s cause-and-consequence questions.
UPSC Angle: Mughal history is frequently connected with polity, cultural synthesis, and administrative evolution, making it essential for both GS-I Mains and Prelims revision.
8. Bhakti and Sufi Movement
The Bhakti and Sufi movements played a transformative role in medieval Indian society by emphasizing personal devotion, love for God, and spiritual equality over ritualism and rigid social hierarchies. UPSC frequently asks questions focusing on their philosophical ideas, social impact, and role in cultural integration.
Repeated Focus Areas:
- The Bhakti movement stressed devotion (bhakti) to a personal god and rejected caste distinctions, with saints like Kabir, Mirabai, and Chaitanya advocating love, surrender, and social harmony through vernacular languages.
- Sufism, the mystical dimension of Islam, emphasized inner purification, compassion, and unity with the divine, spread through Sufi orders (silsilas) such as Chishti and Suhrawardi.
- UPSC often tests differences between Bhakti and Sufism, particularly in theology, practices, and social outreach. Both movements had a deep impact on society, promoting tolerance, reducing social rigidity, and encouraging cultural synthesis.
UPSC Angle: The theme of cultural integration and social harmony is central to UPSC questions, often linking Bhakti–Sufi ideas with composite culture, literature, and ethics in GS-I and GS-IV.
MODERN INDIAN HISTORY – MOST IMPORTANT & MOST REPEATED
Modern Indian History forms the core foundation of UPSC History preparation, carrying significant weight in both Prelims and GS-I Mains. Unlike Ancient and Medieval history, questions here are direct yet analytical, focusing on causes, consequences, ideological debates, and mass movements. UPSC repeatedly tests understanding of the Indian national movement, colonial policies, socio-religious reforms, and constitutional developments. Topics are often linked with polity, governance, ethics, and contemporary India, making Modern History indispensable for overall score maximization. Mastery of chronology, personalities, movements, and administrative changes is essential, as this section consistently delivers high return on effort in the UPSC examination.
9. British Expansion & Administrative Policies
British expansion in India was driven not only by military conquest but also by strategic administrative and economic policies, making this topic highly relevant for UPSC Prelims and Mains. Questions are frequently framed to test understanding of how colonial policies reshaped Indian polity, economy, and society, with a strong overlap with GS Paper II and GS Paper III.
Repeated Focus Areas:
- The Subsidiary Alliance, introduced by Lord Wellesley, aimed to expand British control by forcing Indian rulers to accept British troops and give up independent diplomacy.
- The Doctrine of Lapse, implemented by Lord Dalhousie, allowed the British to annex states where rulers died without a natural heir, accelerating territorial expansion.
- Permanent Settlement fixed land revenue permanently with zamindars, leading to landlordism and peasant exploitation.
- In contrast, the Ryotwari system dealt directly with cultivators, while the Mahalwari system assessed revenue at the village or estate level.
UPSC Angle: These policies are often analyzed for their long-term impact on agrarian structure, governance, and fiscal administration, linking colonial rule with modern administrative and economic challenges.
10. Revolt of 1857
The Revolt of 1857 is a classic and repeatedly asked topic in UPSC, often analyzed as the first major challenge to British rule in India. Questions focus not just on events but on causes, character, and long-term consequences, making it crucial for both Prelims and GS-I Mains.
Repeated Focus Areas:
- The causes of the revolt were multidimensional—political factors like annexation policies and loss of sovereignty, economic exploitation through revenue systems, military grievances of sepoys, and social–religious fears of cultural interference.
- UPSC frequently tests knowledge of leaders and centers such as Rani Lakshmibai (Jhansi), Kunwar Singh (Bihar), Begum Hazrat Mahal (Lucknow), and Nana Saheb (Kanpur).
- The nature of the revolt remains a debated area—while it lacked unified leadership and national ideology, it showed widespread popular participation.
- Its consequences included the end of Company rule, reorganization of the army, and changes in British administrative policy.
UPSC’s Favorite Question: “Was the Revolt of 1857 a national movement?”—answers must balance its limitations with its role in awakening political consciousness and laying the foundation for future nationalism.
11. Indian National Movement (1885–1947)
The Indian National Movement forms the core of UPSC Modern History, with questions appearing across Prelims, GS-I Mains, Essay, and Interview. The formation of the Indian National Congress (1885) marked the beginning of organized political resistance. UPSC frequently tests differences between Moderates and Extremists, especially methods, ideology, and achievements. Movements like the Home Rule Movement, Non-Cooperation, Civil Disobedience, and Quit India Movement are examined in terms of causes, phases, leadership, and outcomes. Questions often assess how mass participation transformed nationalism from an elite movement into a pan-Indian struggle.
12. Gandhian Era
The Gandhian era represents a decisive phase in the freedom struggle, characterized by mass mobilization and moral politics. UPSC repeatedly focuses on Gandhian philosophy, especially truth (Satya), non-violence (Ahimsa), and Satyagraha. Gandhian mass movements brought peasants, workers, women, and marginalized groups into the national movement. His constructive programmes—promotion of khadi, village industries, and social reform—aimed at nation-building alongside political struggle. UPSC frequently compares Gandhian methods with revolutionary approaches, linking the topic with Ethics (GS-IV) and leadership values.
13. Revolutionary Movements
Revolutionary movements represent the militant strand of Indian nationalism, emphasizing direct action against colonial rule. UPSC focuses on organizations and individuals such as Bhagat Singh and the HSRA, the Ghadar Movement, and Anushilan Samiti. These movements drew significant support from youth and educated Indians, particularly abroad and in urban centers. Questions often compare revolutionary methods with Gandhian mass movements in terms of ideology, impact, and limitations. Understanding their role helps present a balanced narrative of India’s freedom struggle.
14. Constitutional Developments
Constitutional developments under British rule are crucial due to their direct linkage with Indian Polity. UPSC repeatedly asks about the Regulating Act of 1773, Charter Acts, Government of India Act 1858, Indian Councils Acts, and the Government of India Act 1935. Questions often test provisions, significance, and continuity with the present Constitution. The Government of India Act, 1935, in particular, is important as it provided the federal framework later adopted in independent India. This topic bridges Modern History with GS-II Polity.
15. Partition & Independence
The theme of Partition and Independence is treated analytically by UPSC, focusing on causes rather than events alone. Topics like the Cabinet Mission Plan, Mountbatten Plan, and the role of communal politics are frequently examined. UPSC also asks about the integration of princely states, highlighting challenges faced by the newly independent nation. Answers are expected to assess political failures, ideological differences, and colonial strategies leading to Partition. This topic demands a balanced, nuanced approach, especially in Mains answers.
WORLD HISTORY – SELECTIVE BUT REPEATED
World History in UPSC is limited in syllabus but high in analytical value, with questions appearing mostly in GS Mains Paper I. UPSC focuses on themes, causes, consequences, and global impact rather than factual details. Topics like the French Revolution, Russian Revolution, American Revolution, Industrial Revolution, World Wars, colonization, and decolonization are repeatedly asked. Answers are expected to highlight social change, political ideologies, economic transformation, and their influence on the modern world, including India. A clear understanding of chronology, concepts, and interlinkages is essential, as UPSC often frames questions demanding comparative and critical analysis rather than narrative descriptions.
16. French Revolution
The French Revolution (1789) is one of the most important and repeatedly asked topics in World History for GS Mains Paper I. UPSC focuses more on causes, ideological foundations, and long-term impact rather than event-based narration.
The causes of the French Revolution included social inequality under the Ancien Régime, financial crisis of the monarchy, and the rising aspirations of the middle class. The role of philosophers like Rousseau, Voltaire, and Montesquieu was crucial in shaping revolutionary ideas through Enlightenment thought. UPSC frequently tests how the revolution popularized the concepts of liberty, equality, and fraternity, transforming subjects into citizens. Its impact on Europe was far-reaching, inspiring nationalist and liberal movements and challenging absolutist monarchies. The French Revolution thus laid the ideological foundation of the modern democratic and constitutional state.
17. Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution is a key topic in World History for GS Mains Paper I, with UPSC repeatedly focusing on comparative analysis and global impact. Questions rarely narrate events; instead, they test understanding of ideology, leadership, and consequences.
UPSC often compares the 1905 Revolution and the 1917 Revolutions, highlighting how the former exposed the weaknesses of the Tsarist regime while the latter led to its complete overthrow. The role of Lenin was decisive, especially through his leadership of the Bolsheviks, the April Theses, and the slogan “Peace, Land, and Bread”, which mobilized workers and peasants. The impact on world politics was profound, as the revolution led to the establishment of the first socialist state, inspired communist movements worldwide, and reshaped global ideological conflicts throughout the 20th century.
18. World Wars (Especially WWI)
The World Wars, particularly World War I, are important topics in GS Mains Paper I, where UPSC emphasizes causation, outcomes, and global consequences rather than military details. Questions are often analytical and interconnected.
The causes of World War I are commonly explained through the factors of militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism, along with immediate triggers like the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. UPSC frequently focuses on the Treaty of Versailles, especially its harsh terms imposed on Germany and how they sowed the seeds for future conflict. The League of Nations is examined as an early experiment in collective security, along with its structural weaknesses. The impact on colonies was significant, as the war weakened European powers and strengthened nationalist movements in Asia and Africa, including India, thereby reshaping the global political order.
SMART STRATEGY TO STUDY REPEATED TOPICS
A smart UPSC strategy is not about reading more, but about reading right. Repeated topics appear every year because they allow UPSC to test conceptual clarity, analytical ability, and interlinkages across GS papers.
- Analyze Previous Year Questions (last 30 years) to identify patterns, recurring themes, and the way questions are framed.
- Focus on “why” and “how”, not just “what”—causes, impact, continuity, and change matter more than facts.
- Link history with society, governance, economy, and ethics, as UPSC increasingly tests interdisciplinary understanding.
- Prepare short, theme-based notes for each repeated topic to enable quick revision before Prelims and structured answers in Mains.
Remember: UPSC does not reward information, it rewards insight and connection.
Conclusion
UPSC History is predictable if you study it smartly. The commission doesn’t test how much you remember, but how well you understand recurring themes. Mastering these most repeated topics gives you a solid foundation, higher confidence, and a clear edge over others.
Remember: UPSC rewards smart revision, not blind reading.
FAQs – Most Repeated Topics in UPSC History
- Which part of history is most important for UPSC?
Modern Indian History carries the highest weightage in Prelims and GS Mains. It is directly linked with polity, governance, and ethics, making it a high-return area. - Is Ancient History important for Prelims?
Yes, Ancient History is very important for Prelims, especially topics related to culture, religion, archaeology, and art forms. Questions are often conceptual and statement-based. - How many years of PYQs should I analyze?
You should analyze at least the last 25–30 years of PYQs to understand trends, repeated themes, and UPSC’s evolving question style. - Can I skip Medieval History?
No, Medieval History should not be skipped. Although the syllabus is limited, UPSC repeats questions from selected core topics like administration, Bhakti–Sufi movement, and culture. - Is World History compulsory for UPSC?
World History is compulsory only for GS Mains Paper I. While selective, the questions are repeated and analytical, making focused preparation essential.
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