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Salvinia Molesta
Context:
An exotic beetle Cyrtobagus salvinia released in the 2,800-acre Sarani reservoir has eradicated the invasive weed Salvinia molesta within 18 months.
Key Highlights
- Salvinia molesta, commonly known as “Chinese Jhalaar,” is a highly detrimental aquatic fern.
- It had completely eradicated the Sarani reservoir (Satpura dam) built on the Tawa River in the Betul district of Madhya Pradesh, India.
- The infestation has significantly damaged irrigation, hydropower generation, and water availability and reduced the production of fish and aquatic crops.
- In 2018, scientists discovered the possibility of an exotic insect called Cyrtobagus Salvinia for weed control. It was collected from Thrissur, Kerala.
- Collaborating with the Indian Council of Agricultural Research–Directorate of Weed Research (ICAR-DWR), the company released these bioagents into the reservoir in April 2022.
- Within 15 to 18 months, the insect population multiplied significantly, effectively consuming and destroying the weed.
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How does It Work?
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About Salvinia Molesta:
- Family: Salviniaceae — Floating Fern Family.
- Native: Brazil.
- It has spread globally and is now listed among the World’s 100 Most Invasive Species.
- The plant has brown, root-like structures which are modified leaves, and spore-bearing organs (sporocarps).
- Leaves: Oblong, hairy, and water-repellent.
- Status: It is a highly invasive aquatic plant, globally problematic.
- Habitat: Prefers disturbed water bodies like rice paddies, canals, and lakes.
- Spread: Transported globally as an ornamental plant.
- Impacts: It grows rapidly, forming dense floating mats that cover lake and stream surfaces.
- It spreads aggressively through vegetative fragments, shading out native plants, reducing oxygen levels, and degrading water quality.
- These mats also obstruct boating, fishing, and swimming and can clog water intakes used for irrigation and electricity generation.
