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Surging Measles Cases
Context:
The World Health Organisation (WHO) has reported a sharp rise in global measles cases in 2023.
More on News:
- According to the latest WHO data, 10.3 million cases were recorded worldwide last year, marking a 20% increase compared to 2022.
- Tragically, measles claimed the lives of approximately 107,500 people in 2023, with children under the age of five being the most affected.
About Measles:
- Measles is caused by the measles virus, also known as the rubeola virus. This highly contagious virus primarily spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks.
- It is a highly contagious viral disease characterised by symptoms such as high fever, cough, runny nose, and a distinctive red rash.
- It can lead to severe complications, including pneumonia, encephalitis, and death, particularly among young children.
Vaccination and Immunity:
- The measles vaccine is typically administered as part of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine series.
- The first dose is recommended between 12 to 15 months of age, with a second dose given at 4 to 6 years.
- Vaccination not only protects individuals but also contributes to herd immunity, which requires at least 95% of the population to be vaccinated to effectively prevent outbreaks.
- The MMR vaccine is highly effective; approximately 93% of individuals develop immunity after the first dose, increasing to 97% after the second dose.
