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Species in News: Conocarpus Erectus
Context:
The Forest Department is aiming to increase the green cover to more than 33% of the State’s geographical area.
More on News:
- District Collectors, Municipal Commissioners, and Zilla Parishad (ZP) CEOs have been recommended to plant trees from a list of 25 indigenous species that are better suited to local conditions.
- The planting of three exotic species (Conocarpus erectus, Alstonia scholaris, and Terminalia mantaly) has been discouraged due to their perceived negative impacts.
About Conocarpus Erectus:
- Evergreen shrub or tree with a spreading crown.
- Common Names: Button mangrove, Green buttonwood, Buttonwood.
- Family: Combretaceae
- IUCN Status: Least Concern
- Height: 4 – 20 metres.
- Two forms: Green leaves and silvery leaves.
- Category: Ornamental Trees
- Range: Coastal tropical America (Florida, Caribbean, Central America to Brazil and Peru) and Western Africa (Senegal to Angola).
- Habitat: Salt and brackish water in mud flats of tidal zones, often inland above high tide level.
- Uses: Historically used for firewood, cabinetwork, and charcoal making. The wood is strong and suitable for smoking meats and fish.
- Ideal for use as a screen, clipped hedge, or specimen planting due to its attractive bark and soft foliage.
- Multi-stemmed specimens can serve as appealing patio or street trees.
Ban on Harmful Exotic Species
- Conocarpus erectus (Buttonwood Mangrove): Currently under legal scrutiny in a Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the High Court. Issues raised include:
- Lack of scientific evidence proving that it depletes groundwater more than other species.
- Health concerns, such as causing respiratory issues, colds, coughs, and allergies.
- Despite rapid growth and tolerance to saline conditions, it is deemed more ornamental than functional as a shade tree.
- Alstonia scholaris (Devil’s Tree): Despite its robust growth, this species is reported to have toxic effects and can cause gastrointestinal irritations and other health issues in humans.
- Terminalia mantaly (Umbrella Tree or Madagascar Almond): Known for its high maintenance costs and vulnerability to cyclones, the Umbrella Tree also has limited shade-bearing qualities and is considered more ornamental than functional.
