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Principles of Guru Jambheshwar Regarding Thar Wildlife
Introduction:
The Bishnoi community, founded by Guru Jambheshwarji, is known for its deep commitment to wildlife conservation, particularly of species like the blackbuck and chinkara in the Thar Desert.
Guru Jambheshwarji’s Life and Teachings
- Birth and Early Life: Born on August 8, 1451, in Pipasar, Rajasthan.
- He initially did not speak until the age of seven and was later known for his spiritual insights.
- Philosophy: Guru Jambheshwarji established 29 principles focusing on environmental ethics, emphasising respect for all living beings and nature.
- Influence: His teachings highlight the importance of compassion, modesty, and the sanctity of life.
Key Principles Related to Wildlife Protection
- Compassion Towards Animals: Eight of the 29 principles directly address the protection of biodiversity.
- Rule 18: “Jeev Dayapalni” – Be compassionate towards all living beings.
- Rule 19: “Runkh lila nahi ghave” – Do not fell green trees.
Notable Shabdas (Poetic Statements)
- Shabad 09: “Jeeva upper jorkarije, Antkal Hoysibharu” – Showing power over animals leads to painful consequences.
- Shabad 10: “Re Bin Higunhe Jeevkyon Maro” – Why kill innocent animals without cause?
- Shabad 44: “Kay na palijee vdayo” – Why not be kind to animals?
- Shabad 64: “Jeevvin Ashelahe Karne” – Why kill animals for selfish reasons?
- Shabad 85: “Jayojeev na ghani” – Do not kill living beings.
Significance of Blackbuck and Chinkara
- Cultural Beliefs: The Bishnoi believe in reincarnation as deer, which enhances their reverence for these animals. Guru Jambheshwarji is said to have manifested as the blackbuck.
- Ecological Role: Wildlife like blackbuck and chinkara thrive in the Bishnoi’s arid environment, prompting the community to actively conserve these species.
Historical Context
- Khejarli Massacre: In 1730, 363 Bishnoi sacrificed their lives to protect Khejri trees from destruction, exemplifying their commitment to conservation.
- Resistance to Poaching: The Bishnoi have a long history of defending their wildlife against hunters and poachers, showcasing their dedication to preserving Thar’s natural heritage.
Conclusion:
The Bishnoi community’s ecological principles, rooted in the teachings of Guru Jambheshwarji, highlight a profound respect for wildlife, particularly the blackbuck and chinkara. Their commitment serves as a model for modern ecological awareness and conservation efforts.