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Harekrushna Mahtab
Harekrushna Mahtab, popularly known as Utkal Keshari, was a prominent Indian freedom fighter and politician born on November 21, 1899, in Agarpada, Bhadrak district of Odisha. He played a significant role in the Indian independence movement and later in shaping post-independent India, particularly in the state of Odisha.
Contributions to India’s Freedom Struggle:
- Early Activism and Leadership Roles: Inspired by Mahatma Gandhi’s ideals, Mahtab joined the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1920. He actively participated in the Non-Cooperation Movement, which aimed to resist British rule through non-violent means.
- He served as the Chairman of the Balasore District Congress Committee from 1924 to 1928, where he coordinated efforts to boycott foreign goods and promote indigenous products.
- Salt Satyagraha: In 1930, Mahtab led a successful Salt Satyagraha in Odisha, inspired by Gandhi’s Dandi March. This act of civil disobedience against British salt laws resulted in his imprisonment, highlighting his commitment to the cause of independence.
- Social Reforms and Advocacy: Mahtab was a strong advocate for social reform. In 1934, he led initiatives to combat untouchability by opening the gates of his ancestral temple to all castes, challenging societal norms and promoting inclusivity.
- Praja Mandal Movement: He played a crucial role in the Praja Mandal Movement, which sought to empower local populations against feudal lords and British exploitation. This grassroots movement aimed at securing rights for peasants and workers in princely states.
- Quit India Movement: During the Quit India Movement of 1942, Mahtab was again imprisoned for his activism against British rule. His unwavering commitment to independence made him a respected leader among his peers and the public.
Role in Post-Independence India:
- Integration of Princely States: One of Mahtab’s most significant achievements was his role in merging the 26 Oriya-speaking princely states with Odisha. As Chief Minister from April 1946 to 1950, he worked closely with Sardar Patel to facilitate this integration. His diplomatic skills were instrumental during negotiations with local rulers, leading to a relatively peaceful merger process that began with Nilgiri state on November 14, 1947.
- Development Initiatives: Mahtab played a pivotal role in relocating Odisha’s capital from Cuttack to Bhubaneswar in 1949. This move was part of broader plans for urban development and modernisation within the state.
- Infrastructure Projects: Under his leadership, significant infrastructure projects were initiated, including the construction of the Hirakud Dam, which became one of the largest earthen dams in the world and played a crucial role in flood control and irrigation.
- Political Leadership and Governance: After serving as Chief Minister again from 1956 to 1961, Mahtab continued to influence Odisha’s political landscape. He was elected to the Constituent Assembly, where he contributed to discussions on governance and policy-making for independent India. He also held various positions at the national level, including Union Minister for Commerce and Industry from 1950 to 1952, where he promoted industrialisation efforts aligned with Gandhi’s vision of self-sufficiency.
