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Agni Series of Missiles
Context:
Recently, a successful test launch of the Agni-4 Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile was conducted from the Integrated Test Range in Chandipur, Odisha.
Agni Series of Missiles
The Agni series of missiles is a critical component of India’s strategic defence capabilities, developed by the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) as part of the Integrated Guided Missile Development Program (IGMDP).
General Features
Types and Ranges:
- Agni-I: Short-range ballistic missile (SRBM) with a range of 700-1,200 km.
- Agni-II: Medium-range ballistic missile (MRBM) with a range exceeding 2,000 km.
- Agni-III: Intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM) with a range of over 2,500 km.
- Agni-IV: IRBM with a range of 3,500-4,000 km.
- Agni-V: Intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) with a range of over 5,000 km.
- Agni-VI: Under development, expected to have a range of 11,000-12,000 km and capable of carrying multiple independently targetable reentry vehicles (MIRVs) .
Propulsion:
- Most Agni missiles utilise solid propellant, enhancing their mobility and readiness.
- For example, Agni-I is a single-stage solid-fueled missile, while Agni-P (the latest variant) features a two-stage solid-propellant design.
Mobility:
- The missiles are designed for road and rail mobility, which provides greater survivability during potential enemy attacks. This mobility allows for rapid deployment and launch .
Warhead Capability:
- The Agni missiles are capable of carrying nuclear warheads, making them a vital part of India’s nuclear deterrent strategy.
- For instance, Agni-V can carry multiple nuclear warheads, enhancing its strike capability .
Guidance Systems:
- The missiles are equipped with advanced navigation and guidance systems, including inertial navigation systems (INS) and satellite navigation (GPS and NaVIC), ensuring high accuracy in targeting .
Cold Launch Capability:
- Some variants, such as Agni-P, utilise a cold launch mechanism, allowing the missile to be launched from a canister, which provides additional protection and reduces preparation time.
Notable Variants:
- Agni-V: This missile is notable for its MIRV capability, allowing it to carry multiple warheads, each capable of hitting different targets. It is designed to reach targets across Asia and parts of Europe.
- Agni-P: The latest addition to the series, Agni-P is lighter than previous models and is designed to counter regional threats, particularly from Pakistan. It features advanced navigation systems and can be launched from a canister, enhancing its deployment flexibility.
